Insurance lawyers can tell you that most intentional acts are not covered by an insurance policy. What if the act occurs in the context of a sports event? A 1998, Fort Worth Court of Appeals case talks about this. The style of the case is, Monk v. Phillips.
Factual background – Michael, Phillips, Gary Duffek (“Duffek”), and Gary Watson (“Watson”) were playing a recreational game of golf as a foursome when the incident occurred. Phillips’s first tee shot on the second hole traveled off to the right side of the fairway into the trees. Phillips then shot a mulligan, a second tee shot, which also traveled off to the right and landed near the first ball. Because only the second ball was visible from the cart path, Michael and Duffek attempted to retrieve the missing first ball.
Phillips decided to play the second ball and proceeded to its location in the rough to the right of the fairway. At this point, Michael and Duffek, riding in the golf cart, passed in front of Phillips and then to Phillips’s right. Phillips heard Duffek say “look out, he’s fixing to hit.” No one told Phillips to wait. Phillips then hit the ball off the toe of his golf club, shanking the ball to the right at an approximately ninety-degree angle from where he intended the ball to go. The ball struck Michael, leaving him blind in his right eye.